Pursuant to the Law of Ukraine “On Fire Safety” I DECIDE:
1. Approve the Fire Safety Rules in Ukraine (attached).
2. Heads of the State Fire Safety Department, the Department of Forces, the main departments (administrations) of the Ministry of Emergencies of Ukraine in the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, regions, Kiev and Sevastopol, rectors of higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Emergencies of Ukraine, head of the Vinnitsa School of Professional Training of the State Fire Safety of Ukraine shall bring to the attention of the governing bodies of the Ministry of Emergencies of Ukraine and organize study by the personnel of their subordinate units the Fire Safety Rules in Ukraine.
3. Control over the implementation of this order shall be entrusted to the Deputy Minister – Head of the State Fire Safety Department Borisov P. F. Ф.
Minister G.V. Reva
AGREED:
The Chairman of the State Committee of Ukraine on Regulatory Policy and Entrepreneurship
A. Avksentiev
APPROVED
by order of the Ministry of Ukraine for Emergencies of 19 October 2004 N 126
Registered with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on November 4, 2004 number 1410/10009
Fire Safety Regulations in Ukraine
Scope of Application
According to the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Fire Safety” (Articles 4 – 7) Fire Safety Rules in Ukraine (hereinafter – the Rules) are mandatory for all central and local executive authorities, local governments, enterprises, institutions, organizations (regardless of their activity and forms of ownership), officials and citizens.
The rules establish general requirements for fire safety, which apply to enterprises, institutions, organizations and other objects (buildings, structures, technological lines, etc.), as well as residential buildings that are operated, built, reconstructed, technically re-equipped and expanded, except for underground structures and vehicles, the requirements for which are defined in special regulatory documents.
Providing fire safety, should also be guided by standards, building codes, the Rules for Electrical Installations (hereinafter – ПУЭ) and ДНАОП 0.00-1.32-01 “Rules for Electrical Installations. Electrical equipment of special installations”, the norms of technological design and other normative acts, based on their scope, regulating the requirements of fire safety.
Ministries and departments, based on the specific conditions and peculiarities of the fire hazards of production, may additionally develop and issue their own branch rules of fire safety, which should not contradict these Rules and reduce their requirements.
Branch rules must be coordinated with the State Department of Fire Safety of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Ukraine.
3 Organizational measures to ensure fire safety
3.1 Ensuring fire safety is part of production or other activities of the officials, employees of enterprises and entrepreneurs. This shall be reflected in employment agreements (contracts) and enterprise charters.
3.2 The head of the enterprise must determine the responsibilities of officials (including deputy heads) to ensure fire safety, appoint those responsible for the fire safety of individual buildings, structures, premises, areas, etc., technological and engineering equipment, as well as for the maintenance and operation of technical means of fire protection.
Responsibilities for ensuring fire safety, maintenance and operation of fire protection equipment must be reflected in the relevant job descriptions (functional responsibilities, instructions, regulations, etc.).
3.3 Each enterprise, taking into account its fire hazard, shall have an order (instruction) to establish an appropriate fire safety regime, including determining:
– the possibility of smoking (smoking area), the use of open flame, household heating devices;
– the procedure for temporary fire-hazardous works (including welding);
– the rules for passage and parking of vehicles;
– the places for storage and allowable quantities of raw materials, semi-finished and finished products, which may be simultaneously located in the production facilities and on the territory (storage areas)
– the procedure for cleaning of combustible dust and waste, storage of oiled protective clothing and rags, cleaning of air ducts of ventilation systems from combustible deposits;
– the procedure for unplugging electrical equipment in case of fire;
– the procedure for inspecting and closing the premises after work;
– the procedure for officials to undergo training and knowledge checks on fire safety issues, as well as fire safety briefings and classes on fire safety with the appointment of those responsible for carrying them out;
– The procedure for organizing the operation and maintenance of existing fire protection equipment (fire water supply systems, pumping stations, fire alarm systems, automatic fire extinguishing systems, smoke exhaust systems, fire extinguishers, etc.)
– the procedure for preventive maintenance and inspections of electrical installations, heating, ventilation, process and other engineering equipment;
– actions of employees upon detection of fire;
– the procedure for gathering members of the volunteer fire brigade and responsible officials in the event of a fire, a call at night, on weekends and holidays.
Employees of the enterprise should be familiarized with these requirements at briefings, when passing the fire technical minimum, etc., excerpts from the order (instructions) with the main provisions should be posted in prominent places.
3.4 Each enterprise shall have a general instruction on fire safety measures and instructions for all explosive and fire-hazardous premises (areas, workshops, warehouses, workshops, laboratories, etc.) according to Appendix 1 of these Rules.
These instructions shall be studied during fire safety briefings, passing the fire safety minimum, as well as in the system of industrial training and posted in conspicuous places.
3.5 In buildings and structures (except residential buildings) that have two or more floors, if more than 25 people are on the floor at the same time, plans (schemes) for evacuating people in case of fire must be developed and posted in prominent places.
The need to provide evacuation plans (diagrams) for single-story buildings and structures shall be determined by the local state fire oversight authorities, based on their fire hazard, the number of people accommodated, the area, etc.
In pre-schools, educational institutions, medical institutions with a hospital, nursing homes, sanatoriums and recreational facilities, cultural, educational and entertainment facilities, indoor sports buildings and facilities, hotels, motels, camping sites, Commercial enterprises (two floors and more) and other similar purpose facilities with mass attendance of people (50 people or more) in addition to the schematic evacuation plan the administration must develop an instruction that defines the actions of staff to ensure the safe and quick evacuation of people, by which at least once every six months should be carried out practical training of all employees involved.
For facilities where people are expected to be present at night (preschools, boarding schools, hospitals, etc.), the instructions should provide for two options of action: daytime and nighttime. 3.6.
3.6 In the event of changes in the layout or functional purpose of buildings (premises, structures), production technology, staffing levels, the administration must ensure that evacuation plans and instructions are revised in a timely manner.
3.7 The enterprise shall have a procedure (system) for alerting people about the fire, which should be familiarized to all employees.
In the premises in prominent places near the phones should be hung up plates indicating the telephone number of the call to the fire department.
3.8. company area, as well as buildings, structures and premises shall be provided with relevant safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76 “SSBT. Signaling colors and safety signs”.
3.9 In case of receipt of substances and materials with unknown properties regarding their fire hazard, the owner of the enterprise shall prohibit their use until the information (indicators) on their fire hazard is clarified through the relevant institutions and organizations.
The use of materials and substances in construction and production, for which there is no data regarding fire hazard, is prohibited.
3.10. Owners of enterprises where highly toxic substances (hereinafter referred to as SFSN) and sources of radioactive radiation are used and processed shall regularly inform the units of the State Fire Service of the amounts of such substances and materials, their toxic properties, specific behavior during a fire, provide other data necessary to ensure the safety of personnel involved in fire fighting and emergency rescue work in these areas within the agreed time limits.
3.11. An instruction shall be developed by the administration for security guards (watchmen, janitors, duty officers, etc.), which shall define their responsibilities for monitoring compliance with fire safety regulations, inspection of the territory and premises, procedures for actions in case of fire detection, wear-out of fire alarm and automatic fire extinguishing equipment, and indicate which of the administration officials shall be called in the event of fire at night.
Security guards shall have a list of company officials with their home address, office and home phone numbers. They are required to know the procedure for action in the event of fire detection, the rules for the use of primary fire extinguishing equipment and extinguishing techniques.
3.12. Workers, employees and other workers of the enterprise shall:
– adhere to the established fire prevention regime, comply with the requirements of the rules and other regulations on fire safety in force at the enterprise;
– In case a fire occurs (is detected), act in accordance with the requirements of Section 9 of these Rules.
3.13. The manager of the enterprise shall take (within the limits of the rights granted to him) appropriate measures to respond to the facts of violations or non-compliance by the officers and other employees of the enterprise with the established fire safety regime, the requirements of fire safety rules and other regulations in force in this area.
3.14. In order to involve employees in measures to prevent fires, organizing their suppression in enterprises are created voluntary fire brigades (hereinafter – VPD) and teams (hereinafter – FCT), whose activities should be carried out in accordance with the Regulations on the voluntary fire brigades (teams), approved by the Ministry of Ukraine on Emergencies and Human Protection from the Chernobyl disaster from 11. 02.2004 N 70 and registered in the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on 19.02.2004 under ¹ 221/8820.
Members of voluntary fire brigades (teams), which are subject to compulsory personal insurance (in case of death (death), injury (contusion, trauma or mutilation), illness suffered during the elimination of fire or the consequences of the accident) should be insured in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure and conditions of compulsory personal insurance of departmental and rural fire department and members of volunteer fire departments), approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine from April 3, 1995 N 232.
3.15. At enterprises with 50 or more employees, fire engineering commissions (hereinafter – FEC) shall be created by the decision of the labor collective. Their work shall be organized in accordance with the Model Regulations on Fire-technical Commissions, approved by Decree of the Ministry of Ukraine for Emergencies and Affairs of Population Protection from the Consequences of the Chernobyl Disaster of 11.02.2004 N 70 and registered with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on 19.02.2004 under N 222 / 8821.
3.16. In schools, children’s camps it is necessary to create a volunteer fire brigades (hereinafter – DYUP), acting on the basis of the Regulations on the volunteer fire brigades, approved by the Presidium of the Volunteer Fire Department of Ukraine from 20.05.94 N 13 / 4.
3.17. In order to coordinate and improve the work related to fire safety and control over its implementation, fire safety services (hereinafter – FSB) should be created in ministries and other central executive authorities in accordance with the Model Regulations on Fire Safety Services, approved by the Ministry of Ukraine for Emergencies and Affairs of Population Protection from the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster from 29.09.2003 N 369 and registered with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine on 10.12.2003, N 369.
Such services should also be organized in apparatuses of associations of enterprises (associations, corporations, concerns, etc.) to perform the delegated functions of the association in the field of fire safety.
The activities of FSS should be regulated by regulations, which are developed by the relevant ministries, departments, associations of enterprises.
3.18. All employees must receive fire safety briefings (hereinafter fire safety briefings) upon hiring and at their place of work. Fire safety briefings are divided into introductory, primary, repeated at the workplace, unscheduled and targeted.
Persons who are hired to work in jobs associated with increased fire hazard must first (before they start working independently) undergo special training (fire-technical minimum). Employees engaged in work with increased fire hazards once a year must undergo a knowledge test of the relevant fire safety regulatory and legal acts.
The procedure for organizing and conducting fire drills, training and testing knowledge of fire safety is set by the standard regulations on training, special training and testing knowledge of fire safety in enterprises, institutions and organizations of Ukraine, approved by order of the Ministry of Ukraine on emergency situations and protection of population from the consequences of the Chernobyl disaster from 29.09.2003 N 368 and registered with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine 11.12.2003 at N 1148/8469.
3.19. Training and testing of fire safety knowledge of officials shall be carried out in accordance with the procedure established by law.
3.20. The admission to work of persons who have not undergone training, fire safety briefing and knowledge testing on fire safety issues is prohibited.
3.21. Fire safety measures at work and at home should also be studied in the system of on-the-job training for workers, employees, engineers and technicians (hereinafter referred to as ITR). In addition, local radio broadcasting systems, etc., available at the enterprise shall be used for this purpose.
3.22. The attendants of hotels, campsites, dormitories, hospitals, daycare centers, boarding schools, homes for the elderly, children’s camps, sanatoriums, rest homes and other recreational facilities must undergo annual fire safety training according to a program approved by the administration, taking into account the specifics of the facility. Practical fire drills should be conducted within the time frame specified in paragraph 3.5 of these Rules.
3.23. In general education and vocational education and training institutions, institutions of higher education, vocational training and retraining institutions, fire safety rules should be studied at work and at home, as well as training for action in case of fire.
3.24. Educational work aimed at preventing fires from children’s pranks with fire and fostering in children a careful attitude towards the national wealth as well as acquiring personal safety skills in case of fire must be carried out in pre-school institutions.
3.25. Local executive authorities, local governments, housing institutions and organizations shall be obliged to organize training of the population on fire safety rules in households and public places at their place of residence.
3.26. Fire safety training programs must be coordinated with the state fire supervision authorities.
5.3 Ventilation and Air Conditioning
5.3.1 Ventilation and air conditioning systems shall meet the fire safety requirements of building codes.
5.3.2 Depending on the production conditions at the facilities, there shall be established timelines for preventive inspections and cleaning of air ducts, filters, fire dampers, other equipment of ventilation systems, as well as defined procedures for ventilation system shutdown and actions of maintenance personnel in case of fire or accident.
A person appointed as responsible for technical condition and serviceability of ventilation systems shall ensure observance of fire safety requirements in their operation.
5.3.3 Operation of process equipment in explosive and fire-hazardous rooms is not allowed when hydraulic filters, dry filters, dust suction filters, dust collectors and other devices of ventilation systems are broken or disconnected.
In vestibule airlocks in rooms of categories A and B, which release explosive vapors, gases and dust, should always (for the entire period of operation, storage of goods, substances) to provide the necessary air support.
Ventilation equipment which provides air pressure in vestibule airlocks in premises of categories A and B shall be located in rooms for ventilation equipment (ventilation chambers) separated from adjacent rooms and corridors by fire walls with a fire resistance rating of 0.75 hours.
5.3.4 The air containing combustible dust or combustible waste shall be cleaned before entering the fan. For this purpose it is necessary to install stone catchers in front of the fan, and magnetic catchers to remove metal objects.
5.3.5 Ducts carrying explosive gases, vapors and dusts must not be placed in basements and in ducts under the floor.
Inside the ducts and on their walls it is not allowed to place gas and pipelines with combustible substances, cables, electrical wiring and sewer pipelines; it is also not allowed to cross the ducts by these communications.
The materials of which the ducts are made must comply with the requirements of construction standards. It is prohibited to make ducts of asbestos-cement materials.
5.3.6 All metal ducts, pipelines, filters and other equipment of exhaust installations transporting flammable and explosive substances shall be grounded and protected against static electricity.
5.3.7 Ventilation chambers, cyclones, filters, air ducts shall be regularly cleaned of combustible dust, production waste, grease deposits by fire-safe means. Inspection and cleaning of ventilation equipment shall be performed according to the schedule approved by the facility administration. The results of the inspection shall be necessarily recorded in a special log.
5.3.8 To prevent littering of the territory of the enterprise with combustible waste, the hoppers under the cyclones must have a solid fence made of non-combustible material with the gates that are closed. The maximum permissible amount of waste in the hoppers, and the procedure and frequency of their cleaning shall be specified in the instruction on fire safety measures of the enterprise.
5.3.9 Exhaust air ducts that transport combustible and explosive substances (dust, fibers, etc.) shall have cleaning devices (hatches, demountable connections, etc.).
When installing explosion-proof fans outdoors, a special shelter made of non-combustible materials should be provided for them, usually in the form of metal sheds and mesh fencing, locked.
5.3.10. Fire extinguishers, magnetic traps in ventilation ducts, devices for interlocking ventilation systems with fire alarms and fire extinguishing systems, as well as automatic devices for turning off ventilation in case of fire shall be checked at the time specified by the enterprise administration, but at least once every six months, and shall be kept in good working order.
5.3.11. When operating ventilation systems, it is prohibited:
– Disconnect or remove vognezatrimni devices;
– Burning out fat deposits and other combustible substances accumulated in air ducts, umbrellas;
– Cover exhaust ducts, openings, and grills;
– Leaving the doors of ventilation chambers open, storing various materials, equipment, etc. in the chambers;
– To use supply and exhaust ducts and ducts for diverting gases from heating appliances, gas boilers, boilers and other heating appliances;
– Stack combustible materials or non-combustible materials in combustible packaging close to (less than 0.5 m away from) the air ducts and equipment;
– Remove with the same suction system various gases, vapors, dust, and other substances that when mixed can cause flashover, combustion, or explosion;
Operate overfilled cyclones.
5.3.12. It is not allowed:
– Placement of refrigeration units of air conditioning systems in residential buildings, buildings of medical and preventive institutions, boarding schools for the elderly and disabled, children’s institutions and hotels;
– Placement of compression-type refrigerating plants with capacity of oil in any of the refrigerating machines 250 kg and more above or under the premises with mass permanent or temporary stay of people.
Use of ammonia refrigerating units is allowed only for cooling of air-conditioning systems of industrial premises; in this case the units shall be located in separate buildings, annexes or in separate rooms of one-storey industrial buildings.
5.3.13. The following requirements must be observed when operating duct heaters:
– The distance between duct heaters and structures made of combustible or slow-burning materials shall be not less than 1.5 m when the heat transfer medium is fire or electrical, and not less than 0.1 m when the heat transfer medium is water or steam;
– Keep measuring and control devices in good working order at all times;
– Do not allow gaps between the heaters or between the heaters and the building structures of the chambers, and seal detected gaps with non-combustible materials;
– Systematically clean the duct heaters of dirt by pneumatic or hydraulic means;
– Make sure that the ducts used for supplying the air heated in the duct heater have no openings, except the ducts designed for air supply into the room.
5.3.14. Installation, wiring, routing of networks, electrical protection devices on the lines supplying household air conditioners must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Air Conditioners Operation Manual.
5.3.15. Supply lines to each household air conditioner of the group must be provided with an autonomous electrical protection device regardless of the presence of protection on the common line supplying the group of air conditioners.
5.3.16. The cross-section of electric wires supplying the unitary household air conditioners must comply with the allowable current density determined by the product certificate.
5.3.17. Exterior space and walls of houses around the air conditioners must be cleared from tree branches, curly plants and other objects and structures made of combustible materials within a radius of at least 1.5 m.
5.3.18. In case of mass installation of air conditioners in multi-storey buildings the units should be protected from above by non-combustible canopies, at that the edges of the canopies should project beyond the external dimensions of the air conditioner by at least 0.15 m.
5.3.19. When operating residential air conditioners, it is prohibited:
– When installing an air conditioner in a window opening, use combustible elements of frame structures as supporting structures instead of factory-made mounting fasteners or other metal structures;
– Artisanal rearrangement of air conditioners in order to change their functional purpose;
– To replace the existing three-pole plugs with two-pole plugs;
– To install air conditioners in internal fire partitions and walls;
– To install in production rooms of categories A and B.
7.12. Gas stations
7.12.17. The efficiency of ventilation systems shall be checked annually by specialized organizations with a note in the log.
Appendix 1 Basic requirements for fire safety instructions
to item 3.4 of the Fire Safety Rules in Ukraine
1 Instructions must be developed on the basis of current rules and other regulations on fire safety, based on the specific fire hazards of buildings, structures, technological processes, technological and production equipment.
They must establish the procedure and method of ensuring fire safety, the responsibilities and actions of employees in the event of a fire, including the procedure for alerting people and reporting it to the fire department, the evacuation of people, animals and material assets, the use of fire extinguishing means and interaction with fire departments.
Instructions may have as an appendix a plan of evacuation of people (animals) and tangible assets. 2.
Instructions on fire safety measures (hereinafter – instructions) are divided into the following types:
– General instructions for enterprises, institutions, organizations (hereinafter – zagalobektovi instructions);
– Instructions for individual workshops, production areas, laboratories, premises, etc;
– Instructions for carrying out fire-hazardous types of work, operation of technological installations, equipment, etc.
2.1 The arc-wide instructions shall reflect the main provisions on fire safety issues, including:
– Features of the maintenance of electrical installations, ventilation and other engineering equipment, the use of heating and other heating devices;
– The order of emergency shutdown of electrical equipment, ventilation, shutdown of process equipment, etc.